阅读和眨眼：70%的成年人报告称有‘数字视疲劳’（双语）
Timed for the biggest gathering of screens — desktop, laptop, tablet, TV, phone — on the planet, a new survey finds 70 percent of users of those screens report some level of eye discomfort dubbed “digital eye strain.”
时间安排在屏幕的最大限度聚焦上——台式电脑、笔记本电脑、平板电脑、电视机、电话——在地球上，一项新的调查发现，70%使用这些屏幕的用户报告称有某种程度的眼睛不适，称为“数字视疲劳”。
Symptoms included dry eyes, blurry vision, fatigue and neck and shoulder cramping. The survey released Thursday by the Vision Council, a trade group for makers of eye care products, warned of serious long-term eye risk, including macular degeneration and cataracts.
症状包括眼睛干涩、视力模糊、疲劳以及脖子和肩膀抽筋。视力协会，一个眼部护理产品制造商的贸易集团，周四公布的调查结果显示，警告严重的长期眼部风险，包括黄斑变性和白内障。
Here, readers might pause to blink.
在这里，读者可能停下来眨眼睛。
The intense stare is part of what makes screens so hard on the eyes, said Dr. Joshua L. Dunaief, associate professor of ophthalmology at the University of Pennsylvania’s Scheie Eye Institute, who has no connection to the Vision Council.
使劲盯着是造成眼睛看屏幕如此费劲的一部分，约书亚·L·丹尼弗博士说道，他是宾夕法尼亚大学施艾氏症眼科研究所的眼科学副教授，与视力协会没有联系。
“We don’t blink as much when using screens,” Dunaief told NBC News, “because the blink response is suppressed. So we don’t spread tears across our eyes and they wind up drying out.”
“当我们使用屏幕时尽可能不眨眼。”丹尼弗告诉国家广播公司新闻网，“因为眨眼反应被忍住了。所以我们没让眼泪流遍眼球，它们风干了。”
The solution, he said, is to blink every 10 seconds or so.
他说，解决方案是每10秒左右眨眼。
The vision council is promoting another solution at the International Consumer Electronics Show (CES) in Las Vegas: special lenses made for looking at screens. But while there may be hype in the push for “computer glasses,” the survey does point out some very real hazards of spending hours looking at screens.
视力协会在拉斯维加斯举行的国际消费电子展（CES）上提倡另一种解决方案：为看屏幕而制作的特殊镜片。虽然有可能是一种推动“电脑眼镜”的炒作，但调查指出了一些花费数小时盯着屏幕的非常实际的危害。
The survey of 7,160 adults in the United States, taken online in October, found that 60 percent of respondents said they spent at least six hours looking at screens daily, and 28 percent reported viewing screens for 10 hours or more. Seventy percent reported eye discomfort in the poll administered by Survey Sample International using a statistically balanced sample.
10月份对美国7160成年人的在线调查发现，60%的调查对象说他们每天至少花6个小时盯着屏幕，28%的人报告称观看屏幕10个小时以上，70%的人在调查中报告称眼睛不适，这项调查由使用统计平衡样本的国际样本调查发起。
“I see what I would consider a normal patient population, representative of the average experience most people are having,” Brooklyn optometrist Justin Bazan, a paid consultant to the Vision Council. “And the problem is that they think [such strain] is normal. It’s so common and pervasive, they consider it a cost of doing business. They don’t know there are things you can do” to prevent it.
“我想我应该考虑哪些是一个正常的患者群体，平均代表有经验的大多数人。”布鲁克林验光师贾斯汀·巴赞说道，他是视力协会的付费顾问。“问题是他们认为[这种疲劳]是正常的。它是如此常见和普遍，他们把它视作经商的成本。他们不知道你可以做些事情来防止它”。
Other steps to make our screen addictions easier on our eyes include positioning desktop screens at about arm’s length without any tilt, holding small screens slightly below eye level, eliminating glare from screens, and looking away from screens for a short time at least every 20 minutes.
其他使我们的眼睛看屏幕更容易的措施包括将屏幕放置在桌面大约一手臂距离无倾斜的地方，小屏幕略低于视平线，消除屏幕炫光，并且至少每20分钟把目光从屏幕上移开一会。
Of course, as many recent studies have pointed out, you can, and should, get out of your chair and walk around. That’s not only good for your eyes, but your cardiovascular system, too.
当然，正如许多近期研究所指出的一样，你可以，且应该从椅子上站起来四处走走。这样不止对眼睛好，也有益于心血管平衡
More controversially, the Vision Council promoted the idea that blue light emitted by screens could lead to age-related macular degeneration and cataracts.
更具争议的是，视力协会提出，屏幕发出的蓝光能导致与年龄相关的黄斑变性和白内障。
Studies of over 800 Chesapeake Bay watermen in the 1980s and 1990s showed that fishermen, who are exposed to direct and reflected sunlight for many hours per day over years, had an increased risk of later eye disease. Subsequent analysis showed that light of 400-500 nanometers in wavelength, so called blue light (as well as some other wavelengths) was implicated.
20世纪80年代和90年代，对超过800名切萨皮克湾船夫的研究显示，每天暴露在直接和反射的阳光下几个小时多年的渔民，后来患眼疾的风险增加了。随后的分析表明，400-500纳米波长的光，即所谓的蓝光（以及一些其他波长）已经涉入其中。
More recent laboratory research of eye cells in dishes has suggested that intense blue light can create eye damage due to oxidation, or free radicals.
更多近期对视网膜眼细胞的实验室研究表明，强烈的蓝光会损伤眼睛，因为氧化作用和自由基。但已经研究了这一现象的丹尼弗说：“我还没有看到确凿的证据证明你期望从电脑看到的光线会导致眼睛损伤。但是，”他补充道，“我们不清楚暴露于明亮的电脑屏幕下或晴天的光下多年是没有风险的。”
But Dunaief, who has studied this effect, said “I have not seen any conclusive evidence that levels of light you expect to see from a computer would cause” eye damage. But, he added, “we do not know that exposure to bright computer screens or light on sunny days over many years is without risk.”
“这很可能有某种程度的损伤。”巴赞说道。尽管无法指向任何研究表明屏幕发出的蓝光光线可能在活人身上诱发这种损伤，他说他建议严重使用屏幕的用户配戴防护滤光眼镜，不论他们是否经常用眼镜矫正视力。
“It’s most likely there is some level of damage,” Bazan said. Though unable to point to any research showing levels of blue light emitted by screens could induce such damage in living people, he said he recommends heavy screen users wear protective filtering glasses whether or not they usually use glasses for vision correction.
有人担心长时间持续看屏幕可能导致后来的眼疾，丹尼弗为他们推荐另一个解决方案：当你外出的时候戴灰色或棕色镜片的太阳镜，将屏幕的亮度调至最低舒适设置。
Dunaief suggested another solution for anybody worried their constant screen time might lead to later eye disease: wear sunglasses with gray or brown lenses when you’re outside, and turn down the intensity of the screens to the lowest comfortable setting.
“调节屏幕光线应该会降低可能存在的任何风险。”他说道。
“Adjusting the light on the screen ought to reduce whatever risk may exist,” he said.
Brian Alexander is a frequent contributor to NBC News and a co-author of “The Chemistry Between Us: Love, Sex, and the Science of Attraction.”
布莱恩·亚历山大经常在国家广播公司新闻网发表文章，是《我们之间的化学反应：爱情、性和吸引力科学》的合著者之一。
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