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  "Ren" basically means loving others and extends to the state of unity among people and between all things in the world. It's both the basis for moral behavior and an inner psychological consciousness corresponding to moral norms. Generally, it has three implications: first, it refers to compassion or conscience; second, it's the virtue of affection based on the relationships among fathers, sons and brothers; third, it represents the state and realm of the unity of all things. Confucianism takes it as the highest moral principle and understands it as hierarchical love, starting with filial piety to parents and respect for elder brothers, then extending care to other family members and finally expanding to universal love for all people. The citations show that it means restraining oneself to follow social norms and that it's the principle of love and the moral nature of the mind.

  2025-01-07 喜欢(0) 回复(0)