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The term "Shen" has four different meanings. Firstly, it refers to deities with a personified sense and superhuman abilities, like the spirits of natural things and souls of the deceased becoming deities. Secondly, it means the human spirit and mind, and Daoism views it as crucial for life and emphasizes maintaining and refining it for longevity. Thirdly, it represents the subtle and unpredictable changes of all things under the interaction of yin and yang, often used with "hua" as "shenhua" (divine change). Fourthly, it indicates a marvelous and unfathomable realm in life. Citations from different works illustrate these meanings in different contexts.