oems of this kind depicted frontier scenery as well as fighting along the northern border area and the life of soldiers garrisoned there. These poems described the scenic splendor north of the Great Wall, fierce war scenes, or hardships endured by frontier guards. Some of the works were about soldiers' agony caused by long separation from families and about their homesickness, but many such poems also extolled their patriotism. Some of the works voiced the longing for reunion of women left at home when husbands and sons went to the frontier. Frontier poems showed the poets' attitude towards and reflections on war, highlighting the tension between valuing individual lives and the need to respond to call to duty. The most compelling frontier poems were written in the Tang Dynasty. Frontier poems of later generations could not rival the powerful expression of Tang frontier poems 去书内

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    Unlocking the Richness of Chinese Culture: A Review of "Chinese Cultural Terms 3" In the ever - expanding landscape of cross - cultural understanding, "Chinese Cultural Terms 3" emerges as a remarkable guide, bridging the gap between the profound Chinese cultural heritage and the global audience. This volume, a part of a significant cultural project, is a treasure trove for those eager to delve into the depths of Chinese thought, values, and traditions. A Diverse Tapestry of Concepts The book presents a carefully curated collection of terms that span a wide spectrum of Chinese culture. From the philosophical musings of ancient sages to the practical wisdom embedded in daily life, each term is a window into a different aspect of China's long - standing civilization. Concepts like "Ren" (仁), which embodies the Confucian ideal of benevolence, and "Dao" (道), representing the fundamental principle of the universe in Daoist thought, are not only defined but also elaborated with historical context and relevant examples. This allows readers to grasp not just the literal meaning but also the cultural and historical significance behind these terms. Scholarly Rigor Meets Accessibility One of the most commendable aspects of "Chinese Cultural Terms 3" is the balance it strikes between academic accuracy and readability. The explanations are the result of in - depth research by experts in the field, ensuring that the translations and interpretations are faithful to the original sources. At the same time, the language used is straightforward, making it accessible to both scholars and general readers with an interest in Chinese culture. Each term entry typically includes a Chinese character, its pinyin transcription, an English translation

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