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用户827614
The utmost dexterity and skill can appear as simplicity and clumsiness. The most outstanding craftsmanship is always浑然天成 (浑然天成,浑然天成, literally "formed naturally as a whole") rather than artificially contrived. This concept originates from Laozi, where Laozi advocates pure adherence to nature and "non-action" (wuwei) to achieve all things, opposing all forms of ostentation. Later, it came to denote the highest realm of technique in literary and artistic creation. In art theory, "great skill appearing as clumsiness" does not mean "taking clumsiness as skill" or entirely rejecting craftsmanship. Instead, it advocates discarding excessive ornamentation and deliberate pursuit of ingenuity, embracing the beauty of simplicity and natural harmony. This represents the highest realm of artistic beauty and technique, and has been a shared pursuit in ancient Chinese art forms such as calligraphy, painting, and garden design.