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  This exposition of "xingling" (inner self) masterfully traces the awakening of individual spirit in Chinese literature. Originating as a literary critical term in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, it broke free from the shackles of social ethics and political indoctrination, centering on writers’ temperament and talent. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, literati like Yuan Hongdao and Yuan Mei elevated it into a literary school, advocating sincere expression of inner thoughts against Neo-Confucianism and archaist trends. At its core, "xingling" restores literature to a carrier of genuine emotion and intellect, not a mouthpiece for feudal ethics. Its evolution reflects not only the innovation of literary concepts but also Chinese literati’s unyielding pursuit of authentic creation, offering a profound lens to grasp the humanistic spirit in classical Chinese literature.

  2025-12-30 喜欢(0) 回复(0)