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  The chapter's greatest strength lies in its interpretation of commercialization as cultural catalyst. When describing the shift from Tang dynasty's rigid fang-and-shi (ward-market) system to the Song's open沿街商铺 (street-side shops), the authors don't merely note urban planning changes—they reveal how this spatial liberation encoded a philosophical transformation. The night markets (夜市 ) are presented not just as economic innovations but as temporal rebellions against agricultural society's sun-dictated rhythms, suggesting that urban modernity began not with industrialization but with the decision to illuminate darkness for pleasure and profit. The translation of 瓦子 and 勾栏 (entertainment quarters) as "commercial performance venues" followed by parenthetical preservation of the pinyin allows English readers to grasp both function and cultural uniqueness.

  2026-01-09 喜欢(0) 回复(0)