Focus on essential psychological needs. Money scored last on the list of
psychological needs that create happiness and fulfillment, according to
a study by Kennon Sheldon, psychologist at the University of
Missouri-Columbia. What are the four most essential needs? Autonomy —
feeling your actions are self-chosen and self-endorsed; competence —
feeling effective in what you do; self-esteem; and a sense of closeness
with others. The University of Chicago’s National Opinion Research
Center found that people with five or more close friends are 50 percent
more likely to describe themselves as “very happy” than respondents with
fewer friends. Help others. Professor Lyubomirsky has done studies in
which students were asked to practice altruism, doing five acts of
kindness a week for six weeks. The participants reported a significant
rise in happiness. Kind acts, she says, not only make you feel better
about yourself, but foster a sense of interdependence and cooperation.
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