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Maximal functioning means that all kinds of appearances of Dao in the external world are the greatest manifestation and functioning of Dao. Daoist scholars believe that the internal Dao determines the basis for changes in the external world, and that all kinds of forms in the objective world derive from the active, innate nature of Dao, the result of unity of substance and function. In "Twenty-four Styles of Poetry," Sikong Tu, a literary critic in the Tang Dynasty, made this notion a term of literary criticism to highlight the view that the rich and colorful imagery in poetry represents unity of the internal spirit of the work and its external shape. In poetry writing and appreciation, one should focus on the harmony between the appearance and the essence 去书内
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  • 黄DAN丹 黄DAN丹

    This text first elaborates the Taoist idea of maximal functioning. Dao governs all worldly changes, and all external appearances grow from Dao’s inherent nature, embodying the integration of substance and function. Tang critic Sikong Tu introduced this philosophical thought into literary theory in Twenty-four Styles of Poetry. He argues that diverse poetic images combine a poem’s inner spiritual core and outer artistic form. When creating or appreciating poems, we must value the harmony between surface scenery and inner essence. It strikes me that classical Chinese poetics is deeply rooted in Taoist philosophy. A fine poem balances vivid outer imagery and profound inner spirit instead of empty flashy language.

    2026-06-25 喜欢(0) 回复(0)

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