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Wu Yin stands for China’s pentatonic scale made up of five ascending musical notes: gong, shang, jue, zhi and yu, which roughly equal the numbers 1, 2, 3, 5 and 6 in modern numbered musical notation. If we add bian zhi before zhi and bian gong after yu, the five-note scale will develop into a seven-note heptatonic scale, and more detailed note divisions can produce more varied melodies. Though ancient classical music built on the pentatonic scale has fewer changes, it owns a distinctive beauty that is simple, plain, peaceful and melodic. Since ancient elegant ritual music and folk songs mostly adopted this five-note scale, the phrase “the Five Notes” is often used to refer to music as a whole.

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