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great differences in family relations between Japan and China. In China, many such relatives, and much more distant ones, would share pooled resources, but in Japan they are gift or ‘contractual’ relatives. The Japanese point out that it often happens that these persons have never personally done a favor (on) for the person who is asked to come to their aid; in helping them he is repaying on to their common ancestors. This is the sanction behind caring for one's own children too—which of course is a gimu—but even though the sanction is the same, assistance to these more distant 去书内
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  • 李彩滢 李彩滢

    从对战争的看法可以看出，日本重视精神的力量，而对物质的对比嗤之以鼻。在他们的战术手册上有这样一句，“以吾等之训练对抗敌军数量上之优势,以吾等之血肉对抗敌军之钢铁”，这充分说明了日本是怎样将菊花和刀的精神结合起来。如果说菊花象征的是某种可以抵抗外界的精神力量，刀这个符号，代表的就是顽冥不化的崇尚由这种精神带来的道德优势力量。这种重视精神轻视物质的文化内在，使得日本在作战时常常采取异常极端的方法，凶残的对待已经放弃抵抗的普通人民。

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