The century closed with civil war between Athens and Sparta. In the
second half of the 4th century B.C., all Greece was brought under the
rule of Alexander, King of Macedon. His armies went out to conquer large
areas of Europe, Asia and Africa, spreading Greek culture wherever they
found themselves. In 146 B.C. the Romans conquered Greece. By that time
Greek culture had firmly established itself in much of eastern and
western Europe and northern Africa, with flourishing centres of Greek
learning, such as Alexandria with its famous library, around the Mediterranean.
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