• 导读
  • 知识就是力量,是促进科学研究的正确的方法。

    Francis Bacon's New Organon was revolutionary in its attempt to give formal philosophical shape to a new and rapidly emerging experimental science. When it appeared in 1620, part of a six-part programme of scientific inquiry entitled 'The Great Renewal of Learning', Francis Bacon was at the high point of his political career, and his ambitious work was groundbreaking in its attempt to give formal philosophical shape to a new and rapidly emerging experimentally-based science. Bacon combines the oretical scientific epistemology with examples from applied science, examining phenomena as various as magnetism, gravity, and the ebb and flow of the tides, and anticipating later experimental work by Robert Boyleand others. His work challenges the entire edifice of the philosophy and learning of his time, and has left its mark on all subsequent philosophical discussions of scientific method.

  • 内容简介
  • 本书是近代欧洲哲学中关于科学的认识理论和方法的重要著作。该书集中反映了培根的哲学思想,是英国资产阶级革命准备时期,新贵族和新兴资产阶级的新的世界观和方法论。《新工具》试图为近代新兴的自然科学制订一套正确的方法,对近代科学产生了深远的影响。培根就是在本书中提出了知识就是力量的著名思想。

    It is a philosophical work by Francis Bacon, written in Latin and published in 1620. The title is a reference to Aristotle's work Organon, which was his treatise on logic and syllogism. In this book, Bacon details a new system of logic he believes to be superior to the old ways of syllogism. This is now known as the Baconian method.

    For Bacon, finding the essence of a thing was a simple process of reduction, and the use of inductive reasoning. In finding the cause of a ‘phenomenal nature’ such as heat, one must list all of the situations where heat is found. Then another list should be drawn up, listing situations that are similar to those of the first list except for the lack of heat. A third table lists situations where heat can vary. The ‘form nature’, or cause, of heat must be that which is common to all instances in the first table, is lacking from all instances of the second table and varies by degree in instances of the third table.

    The title page of the book depicts a galleon passing between the mythical Pillars of Hercules that stand either side of the Strait of Gibraltar, marking the exit from the well-charted waters of the Mediterranean into the Atlantic Ocean. The Pillars, as the boundary of the Mediterranean, have been smashed through opening a new world for exploration. Bacon hopes that empirical investigation will, similarly, smash the old scientific ideas and lead to greater understanding of the world and heavens.

  • 作者简介
  • 弗朗西斯·培根(Francis Bacon),英国文艺复兴时期最重要的散文家、哲学家。他不但在文学、哲学上多有建树,在自然科学领域里,也取得了重大成就。培根是一位经历了诸多磨难的贵族子弟,复杂多变的生活经历丰富了他的阅历,随之而来的是他成熟的思想,富含哲理的深邃的言论。他的整个世界观是现世的而不是宗教的(虽然他坚信上帝)。他是一位理性主义者而不是迷信的崇拜者,是一位经验论者而不是诡辩学者;在政治上,他是一位现实主义者而不是理论家。他曾说过:“知识就是力量。”

    Francis Bacon, 1st Viscount St. Alban (22 January 1561–9 April 1626), was an English philosopher, statesman, scientist, jurist, orator, essayist, and author. He served both as Attorney General and Lord Chancellor of England. After his death, he remained extremely influential through his works, especially as philosophical advocate and practitioner of the scientific method during the scientific revolution.

    Bacon has been called the father of empiricism. His works established and popularised inductive methodologies for scientific inquiry, often called the Baconian method, or simply the scientific method. His demand for a planned procedure of investigating all things natural marked a new turn in the rhetorical and theoretical framework for science, much of which still surrounds conceptions of proper methodology today.

  • 目录
    • AUTHOR’S PREFACE
    • BOOK ONE
    • BOOK TWO