WHEN an exact proportion cannot be established between the constituent parts of the State, or when causes that cannot be removed continually alter the relation of one part to another, recourse is had to the institution of a peculiar magistracy that enters into no corporate unity with the rest. This restores to each term its right relation to the others, and provides a link or middle term between either prince and people, or prince and Sovereign, or, if necessary, both at once
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The social contract, according to Rousseau, is an implicit agreement between individuals to join together and form a collective body Politic, surrendering their individual rights in exchange for the protection and benefits provided by the collective. This collective entity, known as the general will, represents the common good and is the source of legitimate political authority.