笔记（共2260篇）

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  “key concepts in Chinese thought and culture"” 全部笔记（1） 去书内

  中国文化思想术语

  2022-09-22 喜欢(1) 回复(0)

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  “Three Strengths of a Good Historian” 全部笔记（1） 去书内

  The "Three Strengths of a Good Historian" put forward by Liu Zhiji in the Tang Dynasty refers to the three necessary specializations for those who study or write history, namely historical talent, historical learning, and historical insight. "Historical talent" means the ability to write historical books; "historical learning" refers to abundant historical knowledge and materials; "historical insight" involves the ideological vision to analyze and judge history. Liu Zhiji held that those engaged in history study or writing must possess all these three abilities, with "historical insight" being the most important. The citation illustrates that "historical talent" requires these three aspects which are talent, learning, and insight.

  2025-01-11 喜欢(0) 回复(0)

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  “shī yán zhì 诗言志” 全部笔记（1） 去书内

  "Poetry Expresses Aspirations" means that poems convey the author's inner aspirations, thoughts and also incorporate emotional elements. First appearing in the Confucian classic The Book of History, it was regarded by Zhu Ziqing as the "manifesto" of Chinese poetry. With interpretations by poetry critics over the ages, its connotations have been continuously enriched and it has established the basic concept of Chinese literary criticism regarding literary characteristics. Citations illustrate that poems express inner aspirations and that poems originate from aspirations which are in the heart as such and turn into poems when expressed in words.

  2025-01-11 喜欢(0) 回复(0)

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  “shèng 圣” 全部笔记（1） 去书内

  "Sage / Sageness" refers to the highest level of human virtue. It also means the person who possesses such virtue, namely a "saint". Generally, "sage" is contrasted with "wisdom". "Wisdom" is about grasping the "way of humanity", while "sage" is about grasping the "way of heaven". As those with "sage" virtue can understand the "way of heaven", they can interact smoothly in daily life. Citations show that one who listens and understands the principles of virtuous men is a sage who knows the way of heaven, and Confucius is an example of a sage who could seize the opportunities of his time.

  2025-01-11 喜欢(0) 回复(0)

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  “shēng yī wú tīng, wù yī wú wén 声一无听，物一无文” 全部笔记（1） 去书内

  The statement "A Single Note Does Not Compose a Melodious Tune, Nor Does a Single Color Make a Beautiful Pattern" emphasizes that the beauty of literature and art lies in the unity and harmony of diversity. It later became an important principle in ancient Chinese literary and artistic theories and promoted the prosperity and development of literature and art. Citations illustrate that single elements like a single note, color, flavor or thing can't create beauty on their own, while combinations of multiple elements such as different colors for patterns, different sounds for music and different emotions for literary works are in line with the natural principle.

  2025-01-11 喜欢(0) 回复(0)

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  “shénsī 神思” 全部笔记（1） 去书内

  The term "Imaginative Contemplation" refers to a special mental state in literary and artistic creation. It enables the author, driven by intense emotions, to break the limits of time and space and enter a state of free imagination or inspiration. It was widely used in the literary and artistic theories of the Wei, Jin, and Southern and Northern dynasties, and Liu Xie of the Southern Dynasties specifically discussed it in The Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragons. It emphasizes that this is a unique psychological activity in literary and artistic creation, different from other cognitive activities. The citations show that this state allows the author's imagination and thoughts to transcend time and space and is the source of literary creation, and people's feelings and thoughts about the external world are formless and ever-changing.

  2025-01-11 喜欢(0) 回复(0)

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  “shén 神” 全部笔记（1） 去书内

  The term "Shen" has four different meanings. Firstly, it refers to deities with a personified sense and superhuman abilities, like the spirits of natural things and souls of the deceased becoming deities. Secondly, it means the human spirit and mind, and Daoism views it as crucial for life and emphasizes maintaining and refining it for longevity. Thirdly, it represents the subtle and unpredictable changes of all things under the interaction of yin and yang, often used with "hua" as "shenhua" (divine change). Fourthly, it indicates a marvelous and unfathomable realm in life. Citations from different works illustrate these meanings in different contexts.

  2025-01-10 喜欢(0) 回复(0)

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  “shèjì 社稷” 全部笔记（1） 去书内

  Sheji refers to the God of the Earth and the God of the Five Grains that were sacrificed to by ancient Chinese emperors and vassals. "She" is the God of the Earth and "Ji" is the God of the Five Grains. They were the most important primitive objects of worship for the Han people who based their livelihood on farming. Ancient rulers sacrificed to them annually to pray for national peace and bountiful harvests, and thus "sheji" became a symbol of the nation and state power. The citation from "Debates of the White Tiger Hall" explains the reasons for setting up these gods and the way of worshipping them.

  2025-01-10 喜欢(0) 回复(0)

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  “róngcái 镕裁” 全部笔记（1） 去书内

  The term "Refining and Deleting" in literary writing, first mentioned in The Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragons, refers to the process of refining the basic content and pruning the words and sentences of a literary work to achieve a higher level. It requires authors to select and refine materials and simplify expressions according to the content and style, emphasizing the pursuit of perfection and showing that literary creation is a process of continuous improvement of content and form. This term had a significant influence on the theory of dramatic writing in the Ming and Qing dynasties. The two citations from The Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragons illustrate the meaning of "refining" and "deleting" and the importance of using the right amount of words.

  2025-01-10 喜欢(0) 回复(0)

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  “rén 仁” 全部笔记（1） 去书内

  "Ren" basically means loving others and extends to the state of unity among people and between all things in the world. It's both the basis for moral behavior and an inner psychological consciousness corresponding to moral norms. Generally, it has three implications: first, it refers to compassion or conscience; second, it's the virtue of affection based on the relationships among fathers, sons and brothers; third, it represents the state and realm of the unity of all things. Confucianism takes it as the highest moral principle and understands it as hierarchical love, starting with filial piety to parents and respect for elder brothers, then extending care to other family members and finally expanding to universal love for all people. The citations show that it means restraining oneself to follow social norms and that it's the principle of love and the moral nature of the mind.

  2025-01-07 喜欢(0) 回复(0)