书评

The book unfolds with Mencius’ engaging in profound discussions on a plethora of topics. His ideas on human nature, firmly believing in its inherent goodness, form the cornerstone of his philosophy. Through vivid anecdotes and persuasive arguments, he contends that every individual is born with the seeds of benevolence, righteousness, propriety, and wisdom. For example, when addressing the question of why people should act morally, he presents scenarios where the natural inclination towards helping others in distress is highlighted, illustrating that goodness is not something imposed but innate. Mencius’ political philosophy is equally captivating. He advocates for a benevolent ruler who governs with the well-being of the people as the top priority. His famous dictum “The people are the most important; the state comes second; the ruler is the least important” was revolutionary in his time and remains relevant today. It challenges the traditional power hierarchies and calls for a system where the rulers are accountable to the people. The language used in the text, though ancient, is beautifully crafted. The rhetorical devices, parallelism, and repetition employed by Mencius enhance the persuasiveness of his arguments. Reading the dialogues, one can almost visualize the intense intellectual exchanges that must have taken place. However, for modern Western readers, the cultural and historical context can pose challenges. Concepts deeply rooted in ancient Chinese society, such as the feudal system and specific rites, require additional effort to fully comprehend. But this is also part of the allure, as it invites readers to step into a different world and expand their intellectual horizons. In conclusion, “Mencius” in the Masters’ Classics Library is not just a book but a gateway to understanding the essence of Confucian thought. It enriches our perspectives on human nature, morality, and governance. Whether one is a student of philosophy, history, or simply a curious mind seeking wisdom, this work has the power to inspire, provoke thought, and offer valuable insights that resonate across millennia. It is a testament to the enduring power of great ideas and a must-read for anyone interested in delving into the depths of Chinese intellectual heritage.