多吃新鲜水果可以预防糖尿病

Eating more whole fresh fruit, especially blueberries, grapes, apples and pears, is linked to a lower risk of type 2 diabetes, but drinking more fruit juice has the opposite effect, says a study.

据相关报道显示：多吃新鲜水果，特别是蓝莓、葡萄、苹果、梨有助于降低2型糖尿病，但是多吃水果汁会起反作用。

British, US and Singaporean researchers pored over data from three big health investigations that took place in the United States, spanning a quarter of a century in all.

英国、美国、新加坡的研究者在美国经过25年的潜心研究从三大健康调查中发现，

More than 187,000 nurses and other professional caregivers were enrolled.超过187000位护士和专业的护工已经注册。

Their health was monitored over the following years, and they regularly answered questionnaires on their eating habits, weight, smoking, physical activity and other pointers to lifestyle.

这些年通过对他们的健康进行追踪，对他们的饮食习惯、体重、是否吸烟、体检活动以及其他的一些生活方式进行问卷调查。

Around 6.5 per cent of the volunteers developed diabetes during the studies.

调查人群中大约有6.5%志愿者患有糖尿病。

People who ate at least two servings each week of certain whole fruits, especially blueberries, grapes and apples, reduced their risk of Type 2 diabetes by as much as 23 per cent compared to those who ate less than one serving per month.

那些每周至少吃两种水果的人，有尤其是吃蓝莓、葡萄、苹果的，与那些每月只吃一种水果的人相比，患2型糖尿病的几率减少23%。

"Our findings provide novel evidence suggesting certain fruits may be especially beneficial for lower diabetes risk," said Qi Sun, an assistant professor of nutrition at the Harvard School of Public Health.

“我们的调查结果提供的一些证据表明某些水果可能对降低患糖尿病风险特别有用”哈佛大学公共营养学教授助理齐桑表示。

On the other hand, those who consumed one or more servings of fruit juice each day saw their risk of the disease increase by as much as 21 per cent.

另一方面，这些每天都喝果汁的人发现他们患糖尿病的风险增加21%。

Swapping three servings of juice per week for whole fruits resulted in a seven per cent reduction in risk, although there was no such difference with strawberries and cantaloupe melon.

尽管草莓和哈密瓜之间没有太大的差别，每周交替着喝三种果汁也会将患糖尿病的概率降低7%。

The paper, published on Friday by the British Medical Journal (BMJ), says further work is needed to to explore this "significant" difference.

英国医疗期刊周五发行的报纸表示：他们以后的工作主要是探索这些“意义”的区别。

It speculates that, even if the nutritional values of whole fruit and fruit juice are similar, the difference lies with the fact that one food is a semi-solid and the other a liquid.

据推测，即使这些水果和果汁的营养价值相似，同一食物的半固体状态和液体状态有一定区别也是有一定事实依据的。

"Fluids pass through the stomach to the intestine more rapidly than solids even if nutritional content is similar," says the paper.

报纸上显示“虽然营养成分相同，但液体滑过喉咙的速度比固体的要快。”

"For example, fruit juices lead to more rapid and larger changes in serum (blood) levels of glucose and insulin than whole fruits."

“例如，果汁比水果在血清（血液）内葡萄糖和胰岛素变化更大更快。”

The study also points to evidence that some kinds of fruit have a beneficial effect for health.

研究的证据显示某些种类的水果对健康有更多的益处。

Berries and grapes, for instance, have compounds called anthocyanins which have been found to lower the risk of heart attacks.

比如像，浆果、葡萄合成的花青素可以降低心脏病的发生率。

But, say the authors, how or even whether this also applies to diabetes risks is for now unclear.

但是作者表示，是否对降低糖尿病风险起作用，以及如何对降低糖尿病风险起作用，目前也不是很清楚。