Capital: A Critique of Political Economy, divided into three volumes, is a foundational theoretical text in materialist philosophy, economics and politics. The Volume II studies the capital circulation process on the basis of the capital production process and analyzes the realization of surplus-value. It mainly analyzes the reproduction of individual capital (the circulation and turnover of capital) and the reproduction of total social capital, and reveals the operation process of the micro-economy and macro-economy of capitalism.

Karl Marx (1818-1883) was a German philosopher, economist, historian, sociologist, political theorist, journalist and socialist revolutionary. His best-known titles are the 1848 pamphlet, The Communist Manifesto, and the three-volume Capital: A Critique of Political Economy. His political and philosophical thought had enormous influence on subsequent intellectual, economic and political history.