James Joyce

​James Joyce, Irish writer and poet, is one of the greatest writers of the 20th century, one of the founders of postmodern literature, whose works and the idea of "stream of consciousness" have greatly influenced the world of literature. He has lived in Paris since 1920. He moved from place to place throughout Europe, teaching English and writing for a living. In his later years, he suffered from eye diseases and nearly lost his sight. His works are complex in structure, peculiar in language and highly original. His main work is a collection of short stories called Dubliners (1914), which describes the daily life of lower citizens and shows the destruction of people's ideals and hopes by social environment. The autobiographical novel Self-Portrait of a Young Artist (1916) describes the psychology of the characters and the world around them with a large number of inner monologues. The masterpiece novel Ulysses (1922) shows the loneliness and pessimism of people in modern society. In his later work, the full-length novel Finnegan's Wake (1939) borrows the dream to express the ultimate thinking on human existence and destiny, and the language is extremely difficult to understand.