Therefore, for the purpose of a market, it can never stand in need of manufactures. And it has been shewn that it can not stand in need of manufactures for the purpose of laying up capital. Therefore it can not stand in need of manufactures for any purpose.

Quere: when capital is plenty, what is the correlative that is comparatively scarce?

Hands adult and in actual readiness to work.

When capital is plenty, interest will be low, and real price of labour high.

When capital is scarce, interest will be high, and the price (real) of labour low, unless kept up by an unnatural occasional demand such as that by war.

What keeps down the quantity, and thence the value of capital is procreation, which multiplies little children who occasion expence before they can produce profit.

These children as they grow up, encrease the number of labourers -- thence they 1. keep down the price of labour, and 2. lessen the ratio of capital to hands.

The same causes that promote accumulation, promote procreation.

If accumulation goes on faster than procreation, capital will proportionably encrease, and the rate of interest proportionably sink.

This book is provided by McMaster University Archive for the History of Economic Thought in its series History of Economic Thought Books with number bentham1787 and published in 1787.The first, I shall mention, is that of precluding so many people, altogether, from the getting the money they stand in need of, to answer their respective exigencies. Think what a distress it would produce, were the liberty of borrowing denied to every body: denied to those who have such security to offer, as renders the rate of interest, they have to offer, a sufficient inducement, for a man who has money, to trust them with it.

Bentham, Jeremy was a British philosopher, jurist, and social reformer. He is regarded as the founder of modern utilitarianism.

Bentham became a leading theorist in Anglo-American philosophy of law, and a political radical whose ideas influenced the development of welfarism. He advocated individual and economic freedom, the separation of church and state, freedom of expression, equal rights for women, the right to divorce, and the decriminalising of homosexual acts. He called for the abolition of slavery, the abolition of the death penalty, and the abolition of physical punishment, including that of children. He has also become known in recent years as an early advocate of animal rights. Though strongly in favour of the extension of individual legal rights, he opposed the idea of natural law and natural rights, calling them "nonsense upon stilts".