In the spirit of the Chinese people, Mr. Gu mainly discussed about the mental state of Chinese people as well as the permanent value of the traditional Chinese culture. 

After some background investigation to the book, I learned that the image of Chinese people and the traditional Chinese culture were under great slanders when the book were being produced. At that time, it was popular among those western scholars to twist the true meaning of Chinese culture. Those vilification, tons of unfair comments led to the western's misunderstanding of the Chinese and China, together with Mr. Gu's anger. He then decided to fight back by the means of showing the real Chinese people and their culture, their spirit to the whole world, especially to the western society. 

In this book, Mr. Gu compared the Chinese with the American, the British, the Germans and the French. According to Mr. Gu, the American were broad and simple, but not deep enough; the British were deep and simple, but not broad; the Germans were broad and deep, but not so simple. And the French were not so deep as the Germans, not broad enough compared with the American, and they were not so simple as the British as well, but the nation has their special delicacy, which the other three nations lacked. However, he emphasized that us Chinese has the four excellent qualities at the same time with some typical examples. He also talked lots about the Chinese religion ——the confucianism——and the Chinese social system. He spoke highly of these and had always been of the opinion that the western society should learn from Chinese society.  By this way he stuck up for Chinese's dignity and left a deep impression on the western scholars. 

However, later in this book Mr. Gu expressed his opinions about women. He insisted that there's nothing wrong with polygyny. He described men as teapots while the women as the teacups, in order to demonstrate the rationality of the phenomenon of a man having more than one wife, which has been rejected now in our mordern society. 

Though I do not mean to oppose Mr. Gu, I'm still skeptical about his statements to some extent. Maybe I'm too arrogant that I do not think Mr. Gu's words were fair enough. But I still adore his zeal, his enthusiasm and devotion to his motherland. His firm determination to protect the image of his own country is without doubt worth to be learned by us English learners, especially those who are considering or have already been working on related fields.