约翰·斯图亚特·穆勒编著的《政治经济学原理》认为,生产规律与分配规律是相互独立的,前者是建立在物质基础之上的自然规律,后者却是与人类天性相联系的社会规律。不过,经济学家应该在不违背生产规律的前提下把生产与分配协调起来。
《政治经济学原理》是19世纪下半期西方国家一本无可争议的经济学的“圣经”。第三本书中,穆勒解答了大卫•李嘉图的比较优势理论中尚未解决的众多问题中的一个,即究竟谁是贸易受益者。穆勒对此的回答是,国际贸易会使大多数对商品需求最有弹性的国家受益。值得一提的是,在本书第一章中,穆勒将共产主义和社会主义看作是资本主义的替代品。
The Principles of Political Economy was one of the most important economics or political economy textbooks of the mid-nineteenth century.It was revised until its seventh edition in 1871 and published in numerous other editions.Besides discussing descriptive issues such as which nations tented to benifit more in a system of trade based on comparative advantage,the work also discussed normative issues such as ideal systems of political economy,critiquing proposed systems such as communism and socialism.
- Chapter 1 Of Value
- Chapter 2 Of Demand and Supply in Their Relation to Value
- Chapter 3 Of Cost of Production in Its Relation to Value
- Chapter 4 Ultimate Analysis of Cost of Production
- Chapter 5 Of Rent, in Its Relation to Value
- Chapter 6 Summary of the Theory of Value
- Chapter 7 Of Money
- Chapter 8 Of the Value of Money, as Dependent on Demand and Supply
- Chapter 9 Of the Value of Money, as Dependent on Cost of Production
- Chapter 10 Of a Double Standard, and Subsidiary Coins
- Chapter 11 Of Credit, as a Substitute for Money
- Chapter 12 Influence of Credit on Money
- Chapter 13 Of an Inconvertible Paper Currency
- Chapter 14 Of Excess of Supply
- Chapter 15 Of a Measure of Value
- Chapter 16 Of Some Peculiar Cases of Value
- Chapter 17 Of International Trade
- Chapter 18 Of International Trade
- Chapter 19 Of Money, Considered as an Imported Commodity
- Chapter 20 Of the Foreign Exchanges
- Chapter 21 Of the Distribution of the Precious Metals Through the Commercial World
- Chapter 22 Influence of the Currency on the Exchanges and on Foreign Trade
- Chapter 23 Of the Rate of Interest
- Chapter 24 Of the Regulation of a Convertible Paper Currency
- Chapter 25 Of the Competition of Different Countries in the Same Market
- Chapter 26 Of Distribution, as Affected by Exchange
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