约翰·斯图亚特·穆勒编著的《政治经济学原理》认为,生产规律与分配规律是相互独立的,前者是建立在物质基础之上的自然规律,后者却是与人类天性相联系的社会规律。不过,经济学家应该在不违背生产规律的前提下把生产与分配协调起来。
《政治经济学原理》是19世纪下半期西方国家一本无可争议的经济学的“圣经”。第五本书是关于政府影响的。穆勒曾在书中指出:“(但是,)虽说政府或国家有权决定应该有什么样的制度,可他们却不能任意确定这些制度起作用的方式。”他在这部分主要谈了税收手段。他认为:“它们对财富分配拥有的权力依赖于哪些条件,社会所接受的各种行为方式是如何影响分配的,这些同任何自然规律一样是科学研究的主题。”
The Principles of Political Economy was one of the most important economics or political economy textbooks of the mid-nineteenth century.It was revised until its seventh edition in 1871 and published in numerous other editions.Besides discussing descriptive issues such as which nations tented to benifit more in a system of trade based on comparative advantage,the work also discussed normative issues such as ideal systems of political economy,critiquing proposed systems such as communism and socialism.
- CHAPTER 1 OF THE FUNCTIONS OF GOVERNMENT IN GENERAL
- CHAPTER 2 ON THE GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF TAXATION
- CHAPTER 3 OF DIRECT TAXES
- CHAPTER 4 OF TAXES ON COMMODITIES
- CHAPTER 5 OF SOME OTHER TAXES
- CHAPTER 6 COMPARISON BETWEEN DIRECT AND INDIRECT TAXES
- CHAPTER 7 OF A NATIONAL DEBT
- CHAPTER 8 OF THE ORDINARY FUNCTIONS OF GOVERNMENT, CONSIDERED AS TO THEIR ECONOMICAL EFFECTS
- CHAPTER 9 THE SAME SUBJECT CONTINUED
- CHAPTER 10 OF INTERFERENCES OF GOVERNMENT GROUNDED ON ERRONEOUS THEORIES
- CHAPTER 11 OF THE GROUNDS AND LIMITS OF THE LAISSER-FAIRE OR NON-INTERFERENCE PRINCIPLE
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