我从未学过打字。我做得最好的就是一边看着键盘,一边用两根手指在上面敲来敲去。我没学过指法,学到的是如何和金属打交道:给防水板定型,焊接电线,给锡打孔。对这些技艺的学习还要追溯到我在皇后区187公立学校上五年级的时候。那时我的老师是L女士,她把班级分为两部分,一部分是能上所谓的“学术课程”,以后可以考大学的;另一部分就像我一样,只适合职业训练,注定要去工厂或修理厂工作的。
第一次家长会是在九月底开的,L老师给我做出评价——“他不是上大学的料。”她开门见山地对我父母说。然后她就简单列出我的种种不是,包括在椅子上打转,向窗外张望,用椅子制造噪音,笔迹潦草。我智力有限,动力不足,专注力差。像我这样的学生最好是学门手艺,所以我最好是去金属加工车间工作,而不是参加打字培训班。
父母静静地听着老师的评语。听完离开后,父亲转向母亲,给出了一个不一样的结论:“他有多动症(Shpilkes)。”母亲会意地点点头。Shpilkes是依地语,意为“坐立不安”。我在家和学校表现出来的坐立不安的特性是一样的。在我父母看来,多动症没什么,对于一个五年级的男孩来讲再正常不过,只不过我表现得有点过分而已。
I never learned to type. The best I can do is hunt and peck with two fingers while looking at the keyboard. Instead of touch-typing, I was taught how to work with metal: shape flashings, solder wires, drill into tin. Learning such skills traces back to the fifth grade at Public School 187 in Queens. My teacher, Mrs. L., divided the class into those able to undertake a so-called “academic curriculum” and ultimately attend college, and those like me, only fit for vocational training, destined to work in factories or repair shops.
The first parent-teacher conference was held at the end of September, and Mrs. L. rendered her judgment. “He is not college material,” she said flatly to my mother and father. A brief listing of all of my deficiencies followed, including shifting in my seat, looking out the window, making noise with my chair, and sloppy penmanship. I lacked intelligence, motivation, and focus. Such pupils were best served by learning a trade. So it would be metal shop instead of typing class.
My parents listened quietly to Mrs. L.’s assessment. After they left, my father turned to my mother and offered a different conclusion: “He has shpilkes.” My mother nodded knowingly. Shpilkes is a Yiddish word that denotes “ants in your pants.” The restless traits I displayed in the classroom were familiar from my behavior at home. As far as my parents were concerned, shpilkes was nothing out of the ordinary for a boy in fifth grade, except that perhaps I had more of it than others.
生态和环境是如何塑造大脑和行为的,以及儿童发生改变的能力是天宝•格兰丁故事的关键问题。格兰丁是美国科罗拉多大学动物学的一名教授,是一名成功女商人,也是自闭症的敏锐的诠释者之一。
格兰丁的自闭症迹象是在她六个月大的时候显现的,那时她似乎抵制母亲的拥抱。她在自传《浮出水面:贴上孤独症标签》中回忆说,她的耳朵仿佛能放大那些恼人的声音,某些纺织物会让她感到疼痛刺痒。
长期以来,有一种观点认为,“冰箱式母亲”是产生自闭症的原因,这个的观点很早就提出了,主要是说缺乏母亲的温情关怀会导致子女对他人的思想感情缺乏认知。事实是,面对女儿的极端行为,格兰丁的母亲表现出的是伟大的温情,更有敏锐的智慧和决心。
- 自闭症是什么?(上)
- What Is Autism? (1)
- 书评 写书评
- 笔记
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