作为一名教师,我有时会向学生提出,只要有人能将以下三者中的任何一条变成自己的信念,我就给他一百万英镑:他们能够飞翔;他们出生在月球上;绵羊是肉食性动物。不用说,我从来没机会付出这笔钱。刘易斯•卡罗尔《爱丽丝镜中奇遇记》中的王后或许“吃早饭前就能相信六件不可能的事”,但我们之中几乎无人能够做到。事实上,信念的形成是否受人的自发控制,这个问题仍然存在疑问。对某种信念的接受过程似乎与消化食物或新陈代谢更为相似,而不像用眼看或用嘴说——它似乎是客观地发生于某人身上,而非人主动进行的。
As a teacher I have sometimes offered a million pounds to any student who can form any one of the following beliefs: that they can fly; that they were born on the moon; or that sheep are carnivorous. Needless to say, I have never had to pay up. The Queen in Lewis Carroll’s *Through the Looking Glass* might have been able to believe six impossible things before breakfast, but that is a feat few of us can match. In fact, it is doubtful whether the formation of belief is under voluntary control at all. Adopting a belief seems to be more like digesting or metabolizing and rather unlike looking or speaking—it seems to be something that happens to one rather than something that one does.
信念的形成是否受人自发控制,这个问题仍然存在疑问。形成某种信念虽然需要有相应的证据作为支撑,但还受到欲望和动机的影响——我们希望世界是什么样子,会在很大程度上影响我们对世界的认知。
- 信念控制
- Thought Control
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