社会不仅仅是个人的“聚集体”,而是通过整体实现个体的幸福。
The goods and services that constitute our national income are valued severally and collectively with a fair amount of accuracy in terms of money.For a gold standard, though by no means perfect for the work of monetary measurement, is stable and has a single definite meaning to all men. By means of it we can estimate the rates of growth or decline in our industry, as an aggregate or in its several departments, and the quantities of output and consumption of the various products. We can compare the growth of our national wealth with that of other nations.
霍布森在早期著作中已陆续涉及社会有机体思想,而在1914年出版的《工作和财富》一书中,他完整地表述了他的社会有机体思想,反对把社会看成仅仅是个人的“聚集体”(aggregation) ,认为社会是一个具有超越个人的生命的有机体。霍布森主张,不应把社会仅仅看成是一批具有社会本能的、在其个人生活中具有“社会方面”的男人和女人。而是应当把它看成“一种群体生活,它具有一个集体的身体、集体的意识和意志,而且有能力实现一种集体的、生死攸关的目标。”他还说,社会的全部生活是通过组成它的单位的合作来进行的,“这些单位不是单独地为自己工作,而是为一个整体工作,而它们各自的幸福是通过整体的正确运行而得到实现的。”
First published in 1914 and reissued with a new introduction in 1992, Work and Wealth is a seminal vision of Hobson's liberal utopian ideals, which desired to demonstrate how economic and social reform could transform existing society into one in which the majority of the population, as opposed to a small elite, could find fulfillment.
Hobson attacked conventional economic wisdom which made a division between the cost of production and the utility derived from consumption. Far from being necesarily arduous, Hobson argued that work had the potential to bring about immense utility and enrichment. The qualitative, humanist work argues in favour of a new form of capitalism to minimise cost and maximise utility.
- PREFACE
- CHAPTER I: THE HUMAN STANDARD OF VALUE
- CHAPTER II: THE HUMAN ORIGINS OF INDUSTRY
- CHAPTER III: REAL INCOME: COST AND UTILITY
- CHAPTER IV: THE CREATIVE FACTOR IN PRODUCTION
- CHAPTER V: THE HUMAN COSTS OF LABOUR
- CHAPTER VI: THE REIGN OF THE MACHINE
- CHAPTER VII: THE DISTRIBUTION OF HUMAN COSTS
- CHAPTER VIII: HUMAN COSTS IN THE SUPPLY OF CAPITAL
- CHAPTER IX: HUMAN UTILITY OF CONSUMPTION
- CHAPTER X: CLASS STANDARDS OF CONSUMPTION
- CHAPTER XI: SPORT, CULTURE AND CHARITY
- CHAPTER XII: THE HUMAN LAW OF DISTRIBUTION
- CHAPTER XIII: THE HUMAN CLAIMS OF LABOUR
- CHAPTER XIV: SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT
- CHAPTER XV: THE DISTRIBUTION OF WEALTH
- CHAPTER XVI: THE RECONSTRUCTION OF INDUSTRY
- CHAPTER XVII: THE NATION AND THE WORLD
- CHAPTER XVIII: SOCIAL HARMONY IN ECONOMIC LIFE
- CHAPTER XIX: INDIVIDUAL MOTIVES TO SOCIAL SERVICE
- CHAPTER XX: THE SOCIAL WILL AS AN ECONOMIC FORCE
- CHAPTER XXI: PERSONAL AND SOCIAL EFFICIENCY
- CHAPTER XXII: SOCIAL SCIENCE AND SOCIAL ART
- 书评 写书评
- 笔记
-
书评加载中...
笔记加载中...