最具影响力的政治学文献之一;欧美高校学生必读书目之第三名!
The Communist Manifesto (officially Manifesto of the Communist Party) is an 1848 political manifesto by German philosophers Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels that laid out the programme of the Communist League. Originally published in German (as Manifest der kommunistischen Partei) just as the revolutions of 1848 began to erupt, the Manifesto has since been recognized as one of the world's most influential political manuscripts. It presents an analytical approach to the class struggle (historical and present) and the problems of capitalism and the capitalist mode of production, rather than a prediction of communism's potential future forms.
The Communist Manifesto contains Marx and Engels' theories about the nature of society and politics, that in their own words, "The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles". It also briefly features their ideas for how the capitalist society of the time would eventually be replaced by socialism, and then finally communism.
《共产党宣言》第一次阐述了科学社会主义理论,指出共产主义运动已成为不可抗拒的历史潮流。构成《宣言》核心的基本原理是:每一历史时代主要的生产方式与交换方式以及必然由此产生的社会结构,是该时代政治的和精神的历史所赖以确立的基础,并且只有从这一基础出发,历史才能得到说明。从原始社会解体以来人类社会的全部历史都是阶级斗争的历史;这个历史包括一系列发展阶段,已经达到这样一个阶段,即无产阶级如果不同时使整个社会摆脱任何剥削、压迫以及阶级划分和阶级斗争,就不能使自己从资产阶级的剥削统治下解放出来。
在《共产党宣言》中,马克思和恩格斯系统、集中地阐述了他们的观点:“消灭私有制”,“推翻资产阶级的统治,由无产阶级夺取政权”,然后“一步一步地夺取资产阶级的全部资本,把一切生产工具集中在国家即组织成为统治阶级的无产阶级手里,并且尽可能快地增加生产力的总量”;而且,“共产党人不屑隐瞒自己的观点和意图。他们公开宣布:他们的目的只有用暴力推翻全部现存的资本主义制度才能达到。”
The Communist Manifesto (officially Manifesto of the Communist Party) is an 1848 political manifesto by German philosophers Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels that laid out the programme of the Communist League. Originally published in German (as Manifest der kommunistischen Partei) just as the revolutions of 1848 began to erupt, the Manifesto has since been recognized as one of the world's most influential political manuscripts. It presents an analytical approach to the class struggle (historical and present) and the problems of capitalism and the capitalist mode of production, rather than a prediction of communism's potential future forms.
The Communist Manifesto contains Marx and Engels' theories about the nature of society and politics, that in their own words, "The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles". It also briefly features their ideas for how the capitalist society of the time would eventually be replaced by socialism, and then finally communism.
- MANIFESTO OF THE COMMUNIST PARTY
- I. BOURGEOIS AND PROLETARIANS
- II. PROLETARIANS AND COMMUNISTS
- III. SOCIALIST AND COMMUNIST LITERATURE
- IV. POSITION OF THE COMMUNISTS IN RELATION TO THE VARIOUS EXISTING OPPOSITION PARTIES
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